• History of science of the middle atmosphere (MA)
• Mean state of the MA: temperature, wind, chemical composition
• Radiation: sun, radiative transfer, energy budget, photolysis
• Measurements: in-situ/remote sounding, ground-based, airborne/balloon,
  satellite
• Aerosols: stratospheric background aerosol layer, volcanic
  enhancement, polar stratospheric clouds, polar mesospheric clouds,
  meteoric dust
• Chemistry: general concepts, global ozone layer, polar ozone chemistry
• Dynamics: fundamental description, meridional circulation, equatorial
  circulation, waves and tides, stratospheric warmings, tracer and age-of-air, up-
  per troposphere/lower stratosphere, cross-tropopause transport
• Coupling and climate: chemistry-climate coupling, trends,

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